Earthworms are sensitive to toxic chemicals present in the soil and so are useful indicator organisms for soil health. Eisenia fetida are commonly used in ecotoxicological studies; therefore the assembly of a bas...
Authors: Michelle Thunders, Jo Cavanagh and Yinsheng Li
This study aimed to investigate the gene expression changes associated with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) involving in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-13 is conserved in many serovars of S. enterica, including S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Gallinarum. However, it is absent in typhoid sero...
Authors: Rodrigo A. Espinoza, Cecilia A. Silva-Valenzuela, Fernando A. Amaya, Ítalo M. Urrutia, Inés Contreras and Carlos A. Santiviago
Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous cell population and depending on microenvironments they polarize in two main groups: M1 and M2. Glutamic acid and glutamate receptors may participate in the regulat...
Authors: Lali Shanshiashvili, Elene Tsitsilashvili, Nino Dabrundashvili, Irine Kalandadze and David Mikeladze
Direct tests of the random or non-random distribution of nucleotides on genomes have been devised to test the hypothesis of neutral, nearly-neutral or selective evolution. These tests are based on the direct b...
Cancer cells exhibit elevated levels of glucose uptake and may obtain pre-formed, diet-derived fatty acids from the bloodstream to boost their rapid growth; they may also use nucleic acid from their microenvir...
Authors: Yanping Kong, Xianbo Zhang, Yongliang Zhao, Yanfang Xue and Ye Zhang
Pathologic vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration after vascular injury promotes the development of occlusive vascular disease. Therefore, an effective chemical agent to suppress aberra...
Authors: Hyang-Hee Seo, Sang Woo Kim, Chang Youn Lee, Kyu Hee Lim, Jiyun Lee, Eunhyun Choi, Soyeon Lim, Seahyoung Lee and Ki-Chul Hwang
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells for naive T cells to link innate and acquired immunity. Klotho, an anti-aging protein, participates in the regulation of Ca2+ depend...
Authors: Nguyen Thi Xuan, Phi Thi Thu Trang, Nguyen Van Phong, Nguyen Linh Toan, Do Minh Trung, Nguyen Duy Bac, Viet Linh Nguyen, Nguyen Huy Hoang and Nong Van Hai
The olfactomedin-like domain (OLFML) is present in at least four families of proteins, including OLFML2A and OLFML2B, which are expressed in adult rat retina cells. However, no expression of their orthologous ...
Authors: Diana Cristina Pérez-Ibave, Rafael González-Alvarez, Margarita de La Luz Martinez-Fierro, Gabriel Ruiz-Ayma, Maricela Luna-Muñoz, Laura Elia Martínez-De-Villarreal, María De Lourdes Garza-Rodríguez, Diana Reséndez-Pérez, Jibran Mohamed-Noriega, Raquel Garza-Guajardo, Víctor Manuel Bautista-De-Lucío, Karim Mohamed-Noriega, Oralia Barboza-Quintana, Carlos Arámburo-De-La-Hoz, Hugo Alberto Barrera-Saldaña and Irám Pablo Rodríguez-Sánchez
Computer-based technology is becoming increasingly essential in biological research where drug discovery programs start with the identification of suitable drug targets. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is a 17β-estr...
Authors: Michelle Helen Visagie, Seema Rummurat Jaiswal and Anna Margaretha Joubert
Heavy metals can cause great harm to Siberian tigers in the natural environment. Cadmium (Cd2+) is an environmental contaminant that affects multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiat...
Authors: Hui Wang, Zheng Liu, Wenxiu Zhang, Ziao Yuan, Hongyi Yuan, Xueting Liu, Chunwen Yang and Weijun Guan
Asthma is an increasing global health problem, and novel strategies to prevent or ameliorate the condition are needed. Here, the effects of 80 % ethanol extracts of Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SE) on an induced inflam...
Authors: Hwan-Hee Jang, Su-Yeon Cho, Mi-Ju Kim, Jung-Bong Kim, Sung-Hyen Lee, Mee-Young Lee and Young-Min Lee
Accumulating evidence has confirmed that miR-196a plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in a variety of cancers. It has been demonstrated that miR-196a is highly up-regulated in laryngea...
New sequencing technologies have opened the way to the discovery and the characterization of pathogenic viruses in clinical samples. However, the use of these new methods can require an amplification of viral ...
Authors: Nicolas Berthet, Stéphane Descorps-Declère, Andriniaina Andy Nkili-Meyong, Emmanuel Nakouné, Antoine Gessain, Jean-Claude Manuguerra and Mirdad Kazanji
From ancient times, marine algae have emerged as alternative medicine and foods, contains the rich source of natural products like proteins, vitamins, and secondary metabolites, especially Chlorella vulgaris (C. ...
Authors: Soundharrajan Ilavenil, Da Hye Kim, Mayakrishnan Vijayakumar, Srisesharam Srigopalram, Sang Gun Roh, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Jong Suk Lee and Ki Choon Choi
Several evidences indicate that hormones and neuropeptides function as immunomodulators. Among these, growth hormone (GH) is known to act on the thymic microenvironment, supporting its role in thymocyte differ...
Authors: Marvin Paulo Lins, Larissa Fernanda de Araújo Vieira, Alfredo Aurélio Marinho Rosa and Salete Smaniotto
Long non-coding RNAs can regulate tumorigenesis of various cancers. Dys-regulation of lncRNA-AFAP1-AS1 has not been studied in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). This study was to examine the function involvement of ...
Authors: Xu Han, Lingling Wang, Yu Ning, Shuang Li and Zhenjun Wang
Cellular senescence is induced either internally, for example by replication exhaustion and cell division, or externally, for example by irradiation. In both cases, cellular damages accumulate which, if not su...
Authors: Shiva Marthandan, Uwe Menzel, Steffen Priebe, Marco Groth, Reinhard Guthke, Matthias Platzer, Peter Hemmerich, Christoph Kaether and Stephan Diekmann
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive cancers of the brain. Malignant traits of glioblastoma cells include elevated migration, proliferation and survival capabilities. Galectins are unconventionally secre...
Authors: Claudia Metz, Remziye Döger, Elizabeth Riquelme, Priscilla Cortés, Christopher Holmes, Ronan Shaughnessy, Claudia Oyanadel, Catalina Grabowski, Alfonso González and Andrea Soza
Chitosan, the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a cationic polyelectrolyte due to the presence of amino groups, one of the few occurring in nature. The use of chitosan in protein and drug delivery system...
Authors: Xuebing Cao, Dongzhi Hou, Lei Wang, Sai Li, Shengang Sun, Qineng Ping and Yan Xu
Physicochemical properties are frequently analyzed to characterize protein-sequences of known and unknown function. Especially the hydrophobicity of amino acids is often used for structural prediction or for t...
Authors: Stefan Simm, Jens Einloft, Oliver Mirus and Enrico Schleiff
α-Farnesene is a volatile sesquiterpene synthesized by the plant mevalonate (MVA) pathway through the action of α-farnesene synthase. The α-farnesene synthase 1 (MdAFS1) gene was isolated from apple peel (var. wh...
Authors: Yu Liu, Lu Wang, Heng Liu, Rongrong Zhao, Bin Liu, Quanjuan Fu and Yuanhu Zhang
In the mammalian lung, respiratory macrophages provide front line defense against invading pathogens and particulate matter. In birds, respiratory macrophages are known as free avian respiratory macrophages (F...
Authors: Mbuvi P. Mutua, Shadrack Muya and Muita M. Gicheru
Tear desiccation on a glass surface followed by transmitted-light microscopy has served as diagnostic test for dry eye. Four distinctive morphological domains (zones I, II, III and transition band) have been r...
Authors: Felipe Traipe-Salas, Leonidas Traipe-Castro, Daniela Salinas-Toro, Daniela López, Felipe Valenzuela, Christian Cartes, Héctor Toledo-Araya, Claudio Pérez and Remigio López Solís
Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) cation channels are ubiquitously expressed by multiple cells and have an important regulatory role in calcium-dependent cell signalling to help maintain cellul...
Authors: T. Nguyen, D. Staines, B. Nilius, P. Smith and S. Marshall-Gradisnik
Zinc finger RNA binding protein (ZFR) is involved in the regulation of growth and cancer development. However, little is known about ZFR function in pancreatic cancer.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a potentially devastating form of acute inflammatory lung injury as well as a major cause of acute respiratory failure. Although researchers have made significant ...
Authors: Min Wang, Jingjun Yan, Xingxing He, Qiang Zhong, Chengye Zhan and Shusheng Li
This study was undertaken to determine the effects of varied salinity regimes on the morphological traits (plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, fresh and dry weight) and major mineral composition...
Authors: Md. Amirul Alam, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, M. Y. Rafii, Azizah Abdul Hamid, Farzad Aslani and M. A. Hakim
Obesity is a complex disorder and has been increasing globally at alarming rates including Pakistan. However, there is scarce research on understanding obesity genetics in Pakistan. Leptin is a hormone secrete...
Disturbance of the equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-oxidants (AOX) has been implicated in various diseases, including atherosclerosis, the most common pathologic process underlying co...
Authors: Yosra Souiden, Hela Mallouli, Salah Meskhi, Yassine Chaabouni, Ahmed Rebai, Foued Chéour and Kacem Mahdouani
Trichosanthin produced in the root tube of Trichosanthes kirilowii shows anti-tumor activity on a series of cancer cells including Hela, MCF-7, HL-60. But there is little information about its effect on the carci...
Authors: JinLong Li, Hui Li, ZhaoLi Zhang, NianYue Wang and YongChen Zhang
Despite manifold benefits of nanoparticles (NPs), less information on the risks of NPs to human health and environment has been studied. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) have been reported to cause toxicity...
Authors: Mohammad Faisal, Quaiser Saquib, Abdulrahman A. Alatar, Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy, Mukhtar Ahmed, Sabiha M. Ansari, Hend A. Alwathnani, Sourabh Dwivedi, Javed Musarrat and Shelly Praveen
Cancer, being the foremost challenge of the modern era and the focus of world-class investigators, gargantuan research is in progress worldwide to explore novel therapeutic for its management. The exploitation...
Authors: Sajjad Ahmad, Farhat Ullah, Muhammad Ayaz, Anwar Zeb, Farman Ullah and Abdul Sadiq
In China, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) is one of the most common kidney diseases. In this study, we treated a rat model of chronic anti-Thy-1 MsPGN with Shenhua Tablet and evaluated wheth...
Authors: Wenjia Geng, Ribao Wei, Shuwen Liu, Li Tang, Hanyu Zhu, Pu Chen, Jie Wu, Xueguang Zhang, Fei Zhu, Zhong Yin and Xiangmei Chen
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that results in a significant disability for the patient. The disorder is characterized by impairment of the adaptive orchestration of actions, a cognitive functi...
Authors: Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo, Ariel Lara-Vásquez, Ismael Palacios-García, Pablo Fuentealba and Francisco Aboitiz
It has been proposed that the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a key role in the regulation of food intake and body weight by controlling the excitability, plasticity and the synchronization of neuronal activi...
Authors: Cuauhtemoc Sandoval-Salazar, Joel Ramírez-Emiliano, Aurora Trejo-Bahena, Cecilia I. Oviedo-Solís and Martha Silvia Solís-Ortiz
The use of transgenic models for the study of neurodegenerative diseases has made valuable contributions to the field. However, some important limitations, including protein overexpression and general systemic...
Authors: Claudia Salazar, Gonzalo Valdivia, Álvaro O. Ardiles, John Ewer and Adrián G. Palacios
The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor that senses the arterial PO2, PCO2 and pH. In response to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis, carotid chemosensory discharge elicits reflex respiratory,...
Authors: Rodrigo Iturriaga, Rodrigo Del Rio, Juan Idiaquez and Virend K. Somers
Prunella vulgaris L. is a medical plant cultivated in sloping, sun-shaded areas in China. Recently, owing to air-environmental stress, especially drought stress strongly inhibits plant...
Authors: Yuhang Chen, Li Liu, Qiaosheng Guo, Zaibiao Zhu and Lixia Zhang
Ethical problems resulting from brain research have given rise to a new discipline termed neuroethics, representing a new kind of knowledge capable of discovering the neural basis for universal ethics. The art...
Cognitive ecologist posits that the more efficiently an animal uses information from the biotic and abiotic environment, the more adaptive are its cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, this approach does not test...
Authors: Daniela S. Rivera, Nibaldo C. Inestrosa and Francisco Bozinovic
Wnt-5a is a member of the WNT family of secreted lipoglycoproteins, whose expression increases during development; moreover, Wnt-5a plays a key role in synaptic structure and function in the adult nervous syst...
Authors: Juan Francisco Codocedo and Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
The radiation-induced lung injury is a common complication from radiotherapy in lung cancer. CpG ODN is TLR9 activator with potential immune modulatory effects and sensitization of radiotherapy in lung cancer....
Authors: Xuan Li, Guoxiong Xu, Tiankui Qiao, Sujuan Yuan and Xibing Zhuang
Aged garlic extract (AGE) and its main constituent S-allylcysteine (SAC) are natural antioxidants with protective effects against cerebral ischemia or cancer, events that involve hypoxia stress. Cobalt chlorid...
Authors: Marisol Orozco-Ibarra, Jorge Muñoz-Sánchez, Martín E. Zavala-Medina, Benjamín Pineda, Roxana Magaña-Maldonado, Edgar Vázquez-Contreras, Perla D. Maldonado, José Pedraza-Chaverri and María Elena Chánez-Cárdenas
Cryptogamic vegetation dominates the ice-free areas along the Antarctic Peninsula. The two mosses Sanionia uncinata and Polytrichastrum alpinum inhabit soils with contrasting water availability. Sanionia uncinata
Authors: Paz Zúñiga-González, Gustavo E. Zúñiga, Marisol Pizarro and Angélica Casanova-Katny
Reprimo (RPRM), a highly glycosylated protein, is a new downstream effector of p53-induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint, and a putative tumor suppressor gene frequently sil...
Authors: Kurt Buchegger, Carmen Ili, Ismael Riquelme, Pablo Letelier, Alejandro H. Corvalán, Priscilla Brebi, Tim Hui-Ming Huang and Juan Carlos Roa
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 or ubiquinone) deficiency can be due either to mutations in genes involved in CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway, or to mutations in genes unrelated to CoQ10 biosynthesis. CoQ10 defect is the only oxi...
Authors: Konstantina Fragaki, Annabelle Chaussenot, Jean-François Benoist, Samira Ait-El-Mkadem, Sylvie Bannwarth, Cécile Rouzier, Charlotte Cochaud and Véronique Paquis-Flucklinger
