Table 3 Principal studies reporting GI cancers PDOs in co-culture with immune cells
Type of organoids | Immune cells | Aims Co-culture | Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Colorectal tumor organoids | Lymphocyte from Peripheral blood | Analysis of specific-tumor T cells response against cancer cells in a personalized profile | Generation of co-culture between tumor cells and autologous PBMC. Generation of TCD8 reactive against tumor cells | [103] |
Colorectal cancer organoids | Development new protocol to organoids from tissue airface that retain the components present into to the tumor for a day | Generation of organoids 2.0 which retain microenvironment of the tumor included T cells | Preservation of tumor microenvironment, but limited time for use | [105] |
Mouse intestinal organoids | Intraepithelial Lymphocyte (IELs) | Evaluating the interaction between intestinal epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocyte | Generation of co-culture in presence of cytokines. Multi-directional movement to IELs along of surface present in organoids | [117] |
Gastric organoids | Dendritic cells and T cells from peripheral blood | Evaluate the interaction between cancer cells infected with H. pylori and immune cells | Organoids infected with H. pylori expressed PD-L1 immune checkpoint and suppressed the T cells response | [56] |
Mouse gastric organoids | Dendritic cells and T cells | Evaluate the role of Hh signaling in PD-L1 expression Understand the feasibility such as a model to predicted immunotherapy response in gastric cancer | Treatment with anti-PD-1 induced apoptosis in tumor cells Generation of murine models of co-culture organoids-immune cells | [118] |
Pancreatic cancer organoids | Multy-cells type (fibroblast and T cells) | Generate and characterized the models of co-culture and demonstrated the applicability in pancreatic cancer | Demonstrated a tumor microenvironment generated by the co-culture of pancreatic organoids with stroma and immune cells | [119] |
Cholangiocarcinoma cancer organoids | PBMC or T cells (Healthy control) | Establish and optimize a 3D co-culture model for study the growth, inhibition of organoid cell death by cytotoxic activity of T cells | The results demonstrated the different response between patients, and the capacity to the T-cells to generate cytotoxicity activity against the organoids | [57] |