Fig. 7

AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway is involved in the autophagy and atrophy of C2C12 myotubes under hypoxia. A, B Western blot results showing AMPKα, ULK1, and mTOR total protein and phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes after exposure to normoxia or hypoxia for 24 h with or without iPSCs co-culture. Statistics were from three independent replicates of the samples and data were expressed as mean ± SEM; the remaining two groups were compared with the hypoxic group, respectively, and P values are the results of one-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ns, no significant difference. Co: iPSCs and C2C12 co-culture