Fig. 5

Effect of TTX, a known channel-blocking drug, on endogenous and exogenous glutamate concentration of highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 using fluorometric glutamate assay. A Exogenous glutamate concentration in aggressive MDA-MB-231 after treated with riluzole, TTX and siRNA-nNav1.5 compared to untreated control measured in culture supernatant after 24 h of treatment. Data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3) and, statistical analysis used was unpaired Student’s t test where (*) indicate, p < 0.05. The (*) indicate significant difference of TTX, siRNA-nNav1.5 and riluzole compared to untreated control. B Comparison of exogenous glutamate of MDA-MB-231 between untreated and after treated with riluzole, TTX and siRNA-nNav1.5. The (*) on the treated results show a significant difference compared to untreated endogenous glutamate (p < 0.05). Data presented as mean ± SEM n = 3 and, unpaired Student’s t test between untreated versus treated MDA-MB-231* indicate, p < 0.05