Fig. 5

Comparative effects between metformin and EECV on AMPK-α and PPAR-γ2. A EECV and metformin alone treated adipocytes exhibited down and upregulation of AMPK-α and PPAR-γ2 respectively. B Adipocyte treated with metformin (MF) for 48 h, and then treated with EECV for 8 days. Metformin mediated activation of AMPK-α was disturbed by the EECV treatment. The results represent the mean ± SEM of three replicates different letters a, b, c, d, within a treatment indicates significant differences (p < 0.05)