Table 1 Characteristics of the controls and HFpEF patients

Male (n, %)

116 (58%)

31 (5.6%)^a

44 (37.9%)^a

49 (35.5%)^a

6 (28.6%)^a,b,c,d

0.003

Age (years)

43.6 (9.7)

69.7 (7.3)^a

65.9 (10.2)^a

67.1 (11.4)^a

66.3 (13.1)^a

0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

22.7 (2.5)

24.3 (3.6)^a

23.9 (4.7)

24.5 (2.1)^a

23.8 (3.7)

0.048

Smoker (n, %)

85 (42.5%)

25 (48.1%)

39 (33.6%)

38 (27.5%)^a

5 (23.8%)^a,b,c

0.028

Medications

ASA (n, %)

0

48 (92.3%)^a

110 (94.8%)^a

134 (97.1%)^a

20 (95.2%)^a

<0.001

Diuretic (n, %)

0

21 (40.4)^a

64 (55.2%)^a,b

70 (50.7%)^a,b

18 (85.7%)^a,bc,d

<0.001

Beta blocker (n, %)

0

21 (40.4%)^a

44 (37.9%)^a

50 (36.2%)^a

8 (38.1%)^a

<0.001

ACEI/ARB (n, %)

0

47 (90.4%)^a

112 (96.6%)^a

133 (96.4%)^a

21 (100%)^a

<0.001

Statin (n, %)

0

50 (96.2%)^a

111 (95.7%)^a

132 (95.7%)^a

19 (90.5%)^a

<0.001

CCB (n, %)

0

27 (51.9%)^a

52 (44.8%)^a

66 (47.8%)^a

9 (42.9%)^a

<0.001

HR (b/min)

77.4 (6.1)

75.8 (6.7)

78.2 (7.1)

71.1 (5.8)^a

80.2 (7.2)^d

0.036

SBP (mmHg)

120.1 (8.6)

124.6 (5.8)

138.1 (10.1)^a,b

140.2 (9.3)^a,b

150.6 (7.2)^a,b,c

0.005

DBP (mmHg)

78.2 (7.0)

80.3 (8.8)

81.2 (6.5)

90.2 (10.3)^a,b,c

91.4 (9.5)^a,b,c

0.017

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

191.7 (19.1)

209.3 (20.2)^a

234.7 (19.0)^a

225.6 (18.8)^a

242.5 (22.7)^a

0.007

LDL (mg/dl)

108.3 (17.4)

124.1 (18.2)^a

120.6 (19.1)^a

125.7 (18.8)^a

131.9 (21.2)^a

0.004

HDL (mg/dl)

51.3 (7.5)

43.4 (8.2)

44.0 (8.1)

47.9 (6.3)

45.2 (7.7)

0.069

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

128.8 (19.4)

150.9 (17.3)^a

152.6 (18.4)^a

147.6 (20.5)^a

144.1 (19.6)^a

0.025

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)

95.2 (7.3)

96.3 (8.1)

100.7 (6.8)

94.9 (7.4)

102.5 (8.2)

0.326

Creatinine (umol/L)

83.6 (10.7)

92.4 (11.1)

95.3 (9.6)

121.3 (12.5)^a,b,c

127.6 (13.5)^a,b,c

0.013

Urea level (umol/L)

261.4 (23.9)

252.4 (22.1)

274.5 (19.3)

282.6 (20.7)

288.2 (21.6)

0.204

Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)

25.4 (6.4)

32.1 (7.9)

29.6 (8.1)

30.1 (6.4)

32.1 (7.5)

0.338

TB (umol/L)

15.3 (4.1)

14.1 (3.2)

12.5 (3.6)^a

11.8 (2.9)^a

10.4 (4.0)^a,b

0.001