Fig. 7

Blocking TNFR1 signaling ex vivo with R7050 reverses the increase of IL-17 in Purkinje neurons but not in microglia. Ex vivo treatment with anti-IL-17 reverses the increase of pSTAT3 in microglia in cerebellar slices from hyperammonemic rats. Ex vivo treatment with R7050 completely reversed the increase of IL-17 in Purkinje neurons (A, D) as analyzed by immunohistochemistry with DAB staining using antibodies against IL-17. Representative images of the immunohistochemistry staining are shown (A). The expression of IL-17 in microglia was analyzed by double immunofluorescence using antibodies against Iba1 and IL-17 (B, E). The expression of pSTAT3 in microglia was analyzed by double immunofluorescence using antibodies against Iba1 and pSTAT3 (C, F). Values are mean ± SEM of 4–6 rats per group. One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD post-hoc test was performed to compare all groups. Values significantly different from controls are indicated by asterisk (*p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001) and values significantly different from HA group are indicated by a (a < 0.05, aaaa = p < 0.0001). Yellow arrows mean colocalization of the two proteins