Fig. 1

Hyperammonemia increases the content of IL-17 in Purkinje neurons, granular neurons and microglia but not in astrocytes. Ex vivo treatment with anti-IL-17 reversed the increase of IL-17 (A–E). The total content of IL-17 in whole cerebellum of control (C) and hyperammonemic (HA) rats was analyzed by Western blot (A). The effects of hyperammonemia and of blocking IL-17 with anti-IL-17 in Purkinje neurons (B, F) and granular neurons (C, G) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry with DAB staining using antibodies against IL-17 and was quantified as described in Methods (F, G). Representative images are shown in B, C. Double fluorescence staining was performed using anti-IL-17 and anti-IBA1 (D, H) or GFAP (E, I) as described in methods. Representative images of the double fluorescence staining are shown (D, E). Values are mean ± SEM of 9–25 rats per group in A and 4–6 rats per group in B–E. One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD post-hoc test was performed to compare all groups. Values are the mean ± SEM. Values significantly different from control group are indicated by asterisk (*p < 0.05) and values significantly different from HA group are indicated by a (a = p < 0.05, aa = p < 0.01, aaaa = p < 0.0001). Yellow arrows indicates co-localization of the two proteins