Table 2 Summary of Gal-1- and Gal-3-promoted EMT in fibrosis
Galectin | Model | Strategy | EMT Marker | Signaling Pathway | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gal-1 | Pulmonary fibrosis induced by hypoxia in mice and cells | Inhibition with OTX008 | Collagen, Fibronectin, Metalloproteinases, TGF-β | FAK1/TGF-β/Smad | [119] |
Subretinal fibrosis in cells and mice | Deletion in mice and cells, overexpression in mice and cells | TGF-β1, α-SMA, Type I collagen, fibronectin, Snail | VEGFR2/ERK; TGF-β1/Smad2/Snail | [120] | |
Diabetic retinopathy in cells | Inhibition with OTX008 | TGF-β, α-SMA, fibronectin | TGF-β | [121] | |
Gal-3 | Pulmonary fibrosis in mice and cells | Knockout mice, knockdown and exogenously added in cells, blockade with TD139 | E-cadherin, α-SMA, morphologic shape | TGF-β-mediated β-catenin activation | [122] |
Silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and lung carcinoma epithelial cells | Blockade in mice and cells with TD139, knockdown in cells | E-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA | β-Catenin | [123] | |
Renal fibrosis in cells and spontaneously hypertensive rats | Blockade in mice, exogenously added in cells, blockade with MCP | E-cadherin, Type I collagen, Type IV collagen, fibronectin, vimentin, α-SMA, TGF-β, CTGF | β-Catenin | [124] | |
Renal fibrosis in cells | Knockdown, overexpression | E-cadherin, α-SMA, vimentin, fibronectin, MMP-9 | AKT/GSK3β/Snail | [125] |