Fig. 6

The effects of topical application of KSF0041 extract on psoriatic skin inflammation in mice induced by imiquimod. (a) Macroscopic findings for back skin on day 5 in control and imiquimod (IMQ)-applied mice with or without KSF0041 treatment. (b) Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, scale, and weight change of mice (n = 4–5/experimental group). Data are representative of two independent experiments. (c) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained images (left), epidermal thickness (middle), and dermal cell infiltration (right) of skin. The quantification data were generated by pooling data from two independent experiments. Scale bars, 62.3 μm. Arrows indicate representative cell infiltration. (d) S100a8, S100a9, Il1b, Cxcl1, and Il17a mRNA expression in the skin. Gapdh served as the internal control. Data are representative of two independent experiments. In the control group, mice were treated with Vaseline and vehicle of KSF0041 cream. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. p-values are determined by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons (b) or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons (c and d). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and **** p < 0.0001 vs. control. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, and #### p < 0.0001 IMQ + Vehicle vs. IMQ + KSF0041.