Fig. 4

Signal pathways associated with LDs at various stages of embryonic development. In the oocyte, the ACACA gene encodes acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 1 by the AMPK pathway, which then enters the cytoplasm and converts Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA. DGAT synthesizes TAGs to encapsulate LDs. During the cleavage stage, Myosin1 drives LDs to the cleavage groove and maintains the formation of the cleavage groove by Wnt/β-catenin. SCD1 catalyzes the conversion of SFA to MUFA. During the mulberry embryo period, ACSL converts long-chain FAs to acyl-CoA by PI3K/AKT pathway. SEIPIN is an important gene for LD biogenesis throughout embryonic development. These genes may function at other stages of the embryo, and the timeline is based on available studies