Fig. 4From: Cholic and deoxycholic acids induce mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired biogenesis and autophagic flux in skeletal muscle cellsMitophagy is unchanged by DCA and CA in C2C12 myotubes. a–c C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated for 5 days until forming myotubes. Then, myotubes were incubated with 120 μM of DCA or 500 μM of CA for 48 h. a After treatment with BA, cell culture was co-incubated with Mitotracker green FM (first panel) and Lysotracker Red DND-99 (second panel) probes. The co-localization (third panel and forth panel) between Mitotracker green and Lysotracker signals was determined as a parameter of mitophagy. Scale bar: 10 μm. Co-localization degree of fluorescent signals was calculated by Manders' coefficient using the JACoP plugin by ImageJ for (b) DCA and (c) CA. The values indicate the mean ± SEM of independent random fields. Scale bar:10 μm. (n = 3 independent experiments, *p < 0.05. t-test)Back to article page