Fig. 3
From: Extracellular signals regulate the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles
Extracellular signals regulate the biogenesis of microvesicles. Microvesicles release directly from the plasma membrane and Rho signaling is one of the most important pathways mediating GPCRs signals regulation of microvesicle release. EGF activates EGFR to activate Cdc42, activated Cdc42 binds to IQGAP1 to block endocytosis and facilitate microvesicle release. Toxic lipid through TNFR activates DR5 proapoptotic signaling and ROCK1 to regulate plasma membrane-derived EV release. Wnt signaling regulates the expression of the Rab, Rho, ARF and Ca2+ to affect microvesicle release. Hypoxia regulates Rab22A expression through HIF-1α to affect microvesicle release. Shear force induces microvesicle release through integrin signaling and Scr/Rac1 signaling