Table 1 Descriptions of different inflammatory markers used for the study or diagnosis of AD
From: Inflammation context in Alzheimer’s disease, a relationship intricate to define
Marker | Species in which it exists related with AD studies | Potential use in clinical diagnosis | Function in inflammation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
TLR2 | Human, mouse, rat | - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Acute coronary syndrome | Receptor which interacts with Aβ | |
MHCII | Human, mouse, rat | - Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) - Systemic lupus erythematosus - Ovarian cancer | Antigen presenter | |
Iba-1 | Human, mouse, rat | - Traumatic brain injury - Frontotemporal lobar degeneration - Epilepsy - Postoperative cognitive decline | Intracellular protein of microglia, related to support the phagocytosis process | |
GFAP | Human, mouse, rat | - GFAP autoimmunity - Traumatic brain injury - Alexander disease - Multiple sclerosis | Mediates astroglia cell activation | |
TNF-α | Human, mouse, rat | - Psoriasis - Rheumatoid arthritis - Alzheimer’s disease - Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Pro-inflammatory cytokine | |
IL-1 | Human, mouse, rat | - Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis - Rheumatoid arthritis - Gout - Familial Mediterranean fever -Muckle-Wells syndrome - Acute myocardial infarction - Heart failure - Type 2 diabetes | Pro-inflammatory cytokine | |
NF- κB | Human, mouse, rat | - Preeclampsia - Degenerative Disc Disease - Colorectal cancer - Non-medullary thyroid cancer | Transcription factor that activates genes related to inflammation |