Fig. 1

I Effect of melatonin (MLT) and irradiation (IR) on the sperm parameters, including A sperm count, B sperm motility, and C sperm viability, in control and different animal groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). ** Highly significant at P < 0.01. ***, ###, %%%, @@@ Very Highly significant at P < 0.001. **, *** Significant as compared with the control 3 days group. ### Significant as compared with the control 14 days group. %%% Significant as compared with the IR 3 days group. @@@ Significant as compared with the IR 14 days group. Cont: control, MLT: melatonin, IR: irradiated. II Effect of melatonin (MLT) and irradiation (IR) on the morphological classification of rat sperms in the control and different animal groups. A Normal control morphology of rat sperm. B–D Different morphological tail and head abnormalities of rat sperm, respectively, in irradiated rats after 3 and 14 days and E and F morphology of rat sperm in irradiated rats treated with MLT for 3 and 14 days. (H&E), × 400. G–I Quantification of normal and abnormal sperm tail and head in the control and different animal groups. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). * Significant at P < 0.05. ***, ###, %%%, @@@ Very Highly significant at P < 0.001. *& *** Significant as compared with the control 3 days group. ### Significant as compared with the control 14 days group. %%% Significant as compared with the IR 3 days group. @@@ Significant as compared with the IR 14 days group. Cont control, MLT melatonin, IR irradiated