Fig. 2

The expression level of tiRNA-Val was upregulated in DR mice and high glucose cell model. a qRT-PCR analysis of VEGF, ICAM-1, and ZO-1 levels in normal and high glucose HRMEC. Data are represented as the mean ± SD, n = 6, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. normal group. Statistical significance was assessed by two-tailed Student's t-test. b, c Western blotting analysis of VEGF, ICAM-1, and ZO-1 expression in HRMEC with normal and high glucose condition. Data are represented as the mean ± SD, n = 3, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. normal group. Statistical significance was assessed by two-tailed Student's t-test. d Expression level of tiRNA-Val identified by TaqMan RT-qPCR in HRMEC with normal and high glucose condition. Data are represented as the mean ± SD, n = 9, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. normal group. Statistical significance was assessed by two-tailed Student's t-test. e Expression level of tiRNA-Val identified in 3 pairs of normal and high glucose HRMEC by northern blotting. DR: diabetic retinopathy; NG: normal glucose; HG: high glucose