Table 2 The role of defense-related enzymes regulated by silicon in biotic stress

Anthracnose

Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

SOD, APX and GR

[141]

Powdery mildew, crown and root rot

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

POD, PPOs, CHT and POD

[37, 50]

Powdery mildew and pink rot

Melon (Cucumis melo)

POD, CHT, SOD, and β-1,3-glucanase

[149, 152]

Leaf spot

Pea (Pisum sativum)

CHT and β-1,3-glucanase

[155]

Blast, brown spot, sheath blight

Rice (Oryza sativa)

Glucanase, POD, PPOs, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, SOD, CAT, APX, GR, lipoxygenase, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, CHT and β-1,3 glucanase

[51, 67, 116, 120, 163, 164]

Target spot

Soybean (Glycine max)

CHT, β-1-3-glucanases, phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, POD and PPOs

[165]

Blast

Wheat (Triticum spp.)

CHT and POD

[162]

Bacterial wilt and blight

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

CAT, APX, SOD, GR POD and phenylalanine ammonia lyase

[72, 166]