Fig. 2
From: Molecules linked to Ras signaling as therapeutic targets in cardiac pathologies
Summary of key downstream Ras pathways in the cardiomyocyte and their modulators. Cyclosporine (Cycl) inhibits calcineurin and cardiac hypertrophy, but causes HF. Ras-Val12 activates pathological cardiac hypertrophy through calcineurin, activated by Raf. K-Ras activates cardiomyocyte mitosis, although the specific pathways utilized by K-Ras are not studied (see text for references)