Fig. 2

Increased glucose uptake through GLUT4 is required to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by testosterone. a Glucose uptake was measured as 2-NBDG uptake (300 µM) and was normalized to the basal level after exposure to 100 nM testosterone for 24 h. Testosterone-induced 2-NBDG uptake was measured in the presence or absence of indinavir. Cardiomyocytes were pretreated with 100 µM indinavir and stimulated with 100 nM testosterone by 24 h. b Cellular area was assessed using the fluorescent dye Rhodamine/Phalloidin, and > 100 cells were analyzed in each condition. c Cardiomyocytes were stimulated with 100 nM testosterone for 10 h and β-mhc mRNA level was determined by RT-qPCR. The mRNA levels were normalized to 18S mRNA levels (n = 6). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs. control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. testosterone