Fig. 1

Testosterone promotes glycolysis and glucose uptake in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. a Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in cells treated with 100 nM testosterone for 24 h. Traces correspond to ECAR after serial addition of 10 mM glucose, 2 μg·ml⁻¹ oligomycin, or 1 μM 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) respect to time experiment. b Glycolysis and maximal glycolytic capacity parameters induced by testosterone (100 nM) after 24 h of stimulation. Triplicate measurements of ECAR were made for each treatment condition. c Glucose uptake was measured as 2-NBDG uptake (300 µM) and was normalized to the basal level after exposure to testosterone (100 nM) for 24 h or insulin (100 nM) for 20 min. Cardiomyocytes were stimulated with 100 nM testosterone for 10 h and d Hk2 and e β-MHC mRNA was determined by RT-qPCR. The mRNA levels were normalized to 18S mRNA levels and the values shown here correspond with target-gene/18S mRNA ratios. f Cell size was assessed using the fluorescent dye Rhodamine/Phalloidin. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. P-values were determined using t-test, except for Fig. 1C that have ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs. control non stimulated cells