Protein ID | Gene name | Protein name | J S/C | M S/C | F S/C | C M/F | SÂ M/F | Protein function |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1LMM8 Q64536 | Pdk2 | [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial | – | ↓ (0.35) | – | – | – | p53 activation decreases Pdk2 transcription [92] |
P97570 | Pla2g6 | 85/88 kDa calcium independent phospholipase A2 | S | – | – | – | – | tBID and Bax augments Pla2g6 (iPLA2) activity via ROS production leading to changes in the MOM [93] Overexpression of iPLA2 increased the rate of apoptosis, iPLA2 is cleaved by caspase-3 [94] |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | β-cell apoptosis is attributable to the modulation of 5′SS selection in Bcl-X pre-mRNA by bioactive lipids modulated by iPLA2 [95] |
G3V8T9 Q9JKL3 Q63690 | Bax | Apoptosis regulator BAX | – | N | C | F | – | Pro-apoptotic member of Bcl-2 family, its activation permeabilizes the MOM during apoptosis [96] Deletion of Bax is sufficient to inhibit apoptosis [97] Bax is cleaved by active calpains [80] |
A0A0G2JZS5 Q7TS62 P53563 E9PU78 | Bcl2l1 | Bcl-2-like protein 1 | C | – | – | – | – | Bcl2l1 (Bcl-X) gene generates two protein products by alternative pre-mRNA splicing: Bcl-XL is anti-apoptotic, while Bcl-XS is pro-apoptotic; deletion of Bcl-X in mice results in neuronal death in the brain during late embryonic development; Bcl-XL overexpression attenuates brain injury in neonatal rodents [77] |
Q91XJ1 | Becn1 | Beclin-1 | – | N | C | F | N | Beclin-1-induced autophagy is inversely correlated with apoptosis [13] |
Q6IN33 | Rcan1 | Calcipressin-1 | C | N | C | F | N | Calcineurin regulation; Rcan1 absence enhances calcineurin activity and Fas ligand expression [98] |
F1LPH1 P27321 D3ZL24 | Cast | Calpastatin | S | N | S | N | F | Cast is a specific endogenous inhibitor of calpains and is cleaved by caspases [99] |
P55213 | Casp3 | Caspase-3 | – | S | C | F | M | Ceavage and activation of caspase-3 initiates apoptosis; essential for neuronal cell death [100] Caspase-3 expression is regulated with age [21] A regulatory calpain/caspase-3 cross-talk [101] |
Q1HL14 | Cers1 | Ceramide synthase 1 | – | S | N | N | M | Inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis inhibited caspase 3/7 activation and apoptosis [102] Overexpression of CerS1 and increased level of C18 ceramide resulted in activation of ER stress and inhibition of cell viability, independent of Bax [103] |
Q5RK17 D4A7Z5 | Diablo LOC100360940 | Diablo homolog | S | C | – | – | F | Diablo is located in the intermembrane space of mitochondria and is released into the cytosol during apoptosis and thereby enabling the activation of caspases [104] |
Q8R2E7 | Fadd | FAS-associated death domain protein | – | S | S | N | – | Pro-apoptotic adapter protein involved in extrinsic pathway of apoptosis [100] Overexpression of FADD promotes apoptosis [104] |
Q63226 F1LXB6 | Grid2 | Glutamate ionotropic receptor, delta-2 | C | C | C | ↓ (0.47) | – | Gain-to-function mutation of Grid2 induces neuronal death [105]; this mutation is associated with increased expression of Bax, Bcl-XS, caspase-3 and -8 [106] TNF-α has a role in regulation of Grid2 gene expression, which can be a suppressor in TNF-induced neurodegeneration [107] |
P42260 F1M855 | Grik2 | Glutamate ionotropic receptor, kainate 2 | N | S | – | F | – | Grik2 (GluR6) promotes Bax translocation and increase in caspase-3 activation [108] |
Q8VH49 | Higd1a | HIG1 domain family 1A, mitochondrial | S | S | N | N | M | Higd1a is a survival factor and is associated with caspase-3 activation [109, 110] |
F1MAL5 | Irs2 | Insulin receptor substrate 2 | N | C | N | M | N | CaMK4/CREB/IRS2 cascade can inhibit apoptosis [111] IRS2 knockout increased cell death and activation of caspase-3 and -8 as well as the levels of Fadd, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and p53 [112] |
P31423 | Grm4 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 | – | C | C | – | N | Decreased expression of GRM4 gene is associated with apoptosis of cerebellar granule neurons [86] Activation of Grm4 can activate pro-caspase 8/9/3 and disrupt the balance of Bcl-2/Bax expression [113] |
P06907 | Mpz | Myelin protein P0 | N | C | N | M | N | Mpz knockdown induced apoptosis [114] |
A0A0G2JZT0 Q64663 | P2rx7 | P2X purinoceptor 7 | S | ↓ (0.39) | – | ↑ (3.28) | – | P2rx7s mediate caspase-8 and caspase-3 dependent apoptosis [115] Its activation is associated with Ca2+ responses and TNF-α production [116,117,118] |
F1LNG8 Q5BK62 | Mpv17 | Protein Mpv17 | S | C | C | – | N | The increase of Mpv17 expression can be accompanied by the enhanced expression of p53, Bax, cyt c and active caspase-3 and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in the pathological proces [119] |
B1WC67 | Slc25a24 | RCG29001 | – | – | S | – | F | A survival factor, knock-down of Slc25a24 led to reduction of Ca2+ buffering capacity and sensitized cellts to cell death induced by mitochondrial permeability transition [120] |
Q63259 | Ptprn | Receptor–type tyrosine protein phosphatase-like N | – | – | C | – | M | Ptprn knock-down can prevent apoptosis [121] |
Q63639 | Aldh1a2 | Retinal dehydrogenase 2 | N | – | – | ↓ (0.36) | – | Aldh1a2 mediates conversion of retinol into active retinoic acid altering the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Bid, caspase-8 and -3 [122] |
D4ADQ1 | Rrm2b | Ribonucleotide reductase M2 B (TP53 inducible) | N | S | C | F | M | Loss of Rrm2b can increase apoptosis [123] Rrm2b expression is induced by stress [124] Rrm2b cleavage is mediated by caspase-8 and -3 [125] |
P70501 A0A0G2K3S6 | Rbm10 | RNA-binding protein 10 | C | S | C | F | M | Rbm10 knock-down can decrease caspase activation [126] Rbm10 regulates alternative splicing of Fas and Bcl-X genes [127] Rbm10 expression is associated with increased apoptosis [128] |
A0A0G2JXI4 P52632 | Stat5b;Stat5a | Signal transducer and activator of transcription | S | S | N | N | M | Stat5 regulate expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and the level of caspase-3 [129,130,131] |
D4A9G3 A0A0G2K2P3 | Tnfaip8 | TNF-α induced protein 8 | N | S | – | F | – | Tnfaip8 can suppress TNF-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting TNF-induced caspase-8 activity [69] |
F1M5H6 D4A6A8 A0A0G2KB61 | Tp53bp2 | Tumor protein p53-binding protein 2 | S | S | – | F | – | Tp53bp2 binds to p53 and Bcl-2; it can alter p53 protein conformation and enhance the binding activity of p53 to the promotes of Bax [132] |