Fig. 6

PA causes cytoplasmic to perinuclear translocation of FFAR1 in INS-1 cells. Cells were treated with 0.6 mM PA for 24 h, fixed and stained, and analyzed by confocal microscopy using a ×100 objective lens. Additionally, cells were treated with 0.6 mM PA for 24 h and then re-incubation for another 24 h with complete media. Duplicate cell repeats were performed for each group. FFAR1 conjugated with Alexa Fluor 594 (red) translocated from the cytoplasm to the perinucleus following PA treatment (middle panel), but not in the untreated cells (top panel). However, FFAR1 remained in the perinucleus despite the reintroduction of complete media (bottom panel). The mean intensity of FFAR1 for each condition was measured by ZEISS ZEN 2010 ver. 6.0 software as follows; untreated (2.9), 24 h PA (4.0), and 24 h PA + CM (4.29). Nuclei were stained using DAPI (blue). The shown data are representative of at least three independent experiments. CM complete media