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Table 6 Effect of the irrigation treatments (I1 = 100%, I2 = 85% and I3 = 70% ETc), kaolin application (K1 = 0%, K2 = 3% and K3 = 6%), apple cultivars (Golab and Shafi Abadi) and time of the year (June, August, October) on total antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (AC) and soluble proteins (SP) of leaves and fruits

From: Effects of deficit irrigation and kaolin application on vegetative growth and fruit traits of two early ripening apple cultivars

Treatments

Leaf

Fruit

AA (%)

TPC (mg g−1 F.W)

AA (%)

TPC (mg g−1 F.W)

AC (mg/100 ml)

SP (mg g−1 F.W)

Irrigation (I)

ns

*

ns

**

**

ns

 I1

28.23a

1.560b

36.00a

2.36c

2.24b

0.29a

 I2

29.43a

1.616ab

38.36a

3.58b

2.53b

0.28a

 I3

37.47a

1.702a

37.94a

5.95a

7.54a

0.26a

Kaolin (K)

ns

**

ns

**

ns

ns

 K1

30.60a

1.541b

38.04a

3.35c

4.24a

0.28a

 K2

32.76a

1.687a

38.08a

4.59a

3.96a

0.28a

 K3

31.78a

1.650a

39.18a

3.95b

4.13a

0.27a

Cultivar (cv)

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

Golab

32.03a

1.608a

37.36a

4.14a

4.13a

0.27a

Shafi Abadi

31.39a

1.645a

39.50a

3.79a

4.09a

0.28a

Time

**

**

–

–

–

–

 T1

57.61a

1.353c

–

–

–

–

 T2

16.50c

1.842a

–

–

–

–

 T3

21.03b

1.684b

–

–

–

–

Interactions

      

 I × K

ns

ns

ns

*

ns

ns

 I × CV

**

ns

ns

ns

*

ns

 T × I

ns

**

–

–

–

ns

 K × CV

ns

ns

ns

ns

*

ns

 T × K

ns

ns

–

–

–

ns

 T × CV

**

ns

–

–

–

ns

 I × K × CV

**

ns

ns

ns

**

ns

 T × I × K

ns

ns

–

–

–

ns

 T × I × CV

*

ns

–

–

–

ns

 T × I × K × CV

ns

ns

–

–

–

ns

  1. Means within each column for each treatment followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 level
  2. * and ** showing significant effects at 5% and 1% level by Duncan test, ns: not significant