Fig. 5

The effect of PMA treatment on the interaction between ADSCs and chondrocytes. ADSCs with or without PMA treatment were seeded on top of the layer of confluent chondrocytes and incubated 4 h after the seeding. a After unattached cells were washed with PBS, images were taken using an optical microscope. b Hoechst-stained ADSCs were visualized under fluorescent microscopy. ADSC: untreated ADSC, ADSC + PMA: PMA (100 nM) added upon seeding, PMA pretreated ADSC: ADSCs pretreated with PMA (100 nM, 4 h) prior to seeding. To label ADSCs, ADSCs were stained with Hoechst dye (2 μg/mL) for 30 min followed by 3 washes with PBS