Fig. 3

BJ-1108 partially inhibits CD4⁺ T cell proliferation without apoptosis. a Naïve CD CD4⁺ T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) isolated from spleen and lymph nodes (LNs). Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin-V and propidium iodide staining after cells were cultured in Th1-differentiating conditions for 72 h, followed by flow cytometry. The percentages of live cells are shown. b Naïve CD4⁺ T cells and APCs isolated from spleen and LNs. CFSE-labeled naïve CD4⁺ T cells were cultured under Th1- (left panel) and Th17- (right panel) polarizing conditions. Histogram shows cell proliferation analyzed by CFSE dilution using flow cytometry. Bar graphs indicate the percentage of CFSE⁺CD4⁺ T cells. c Naïve CD4⁺ T cells and APCs isolated from spleen and LNs were cultured under Th1-polarizing conditions with BrdU (10 μM) in the presence or absence BJ-1108 (10 μM) for 72 h. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Bar graphs indicate the percentage of BrdU⁺CD4⁺ T cells. d Naïve CD4⁺ T cells and APCs isolated from spleen and LNs were cultured under Th1-polarizing conditions in the presence or absence BJ-1108 (10 μM) for 72 h. Bar graphs indicate the percentage of Ki-67⁺CD4⁺ T cells. Representative data from three independent experiments are shown. *p < 0.01 and **p < 0.001 versus untreated group