Fig. 2

BAY61 inhibits VSMC proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. a Representative images of VSMCs cultured with increasing concentrations of BAY61 for 24 h. Scale bar 200 μm. b The concentration-dependent effect of BAY61 on VSMC proliferation was determined after 24 h of BAY61 treatment as indicated using cell counting kit (CCK-8). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to 10% FBS control. c To examine the time-dependent effect of BAY61, VSMCs were cultured in 10% FBS supplemented DMEM containing either vehicle (DMSO 2%, v/v) or 10 μM of BAY61 for up to 48 h. Cellular proliferation was determined by using CCK-8. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to 10% FBS control. The quantitative data were expressed as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments