Table 2 Basic characteristics of the control and case groups by gender

Age (years)

58.68 ± 12.01

64.15 ± 10.71

<10 ⁻⁴

63.38 ± 12.16

61.28 ± 11.00

0.27

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.80 ± 3.41

25.23 ± 2.79

0.32

25.64 ± 3.68

24.93 ± 3.66

0.24

Hypertension, n (%)

0 (0.0 %)

65 (67.01 %)

<10 ⁻⁴

13 (15.48 %)

18 (26.87 %)

0.09

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

0 (0.0 %)

39 (58.21 %)

<10 ⁻⁴

10 (11.90 %)

20 (29.85 %)

0.006

Plasma glucose (mmol/l)

4.56 ± 0.71

5.02 ± 3.09

0.12

4.37 ± 0.70

4.71 ± 2.13

0.17

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

2.55 ± 1.24

3.13 ± 1.14

5E−04

2.54 ± 1.14

3.49 ± 1.49

<10 ⁻⁴

Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.24 ± 0.73

1.21 ± 0.65

0.75

1.33 ± 0.47

1.47 ± 0.92

0.23

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

0.83 ± 0.22

0.84 ± 0.27

0.76

0.82 ± 0.44

0.79 ± 0.26

0.62

Non enzymatic antioxidant parameters

 Uric Acid (µmol/l)

332.3 ± 92.90

342.38 ± 154.27

0.55

285.21 ± 83.71

326.27 ± 138.95

0.03

 Total bilirubin (µmol/l)

18.39 ± 4.21

8.11 ± 4.58

<10 ⁻⁴

15.89 ± 5.49

7.62 ± 5.04

<10 ⁻⁴

 Direct bilirubin (µmol/l)

7.93 ± 3.14

2.71 ± 1.95

<10 ⁻⁴

6.83 ± 3.72

2.07 ± 1.74

<10 ⁻⁴

 Albumin (g/l)

41.72 ± 4.23

40.65 ± 4.30

0.07

41.75 ± 7.83

40.95 ± 4.10

0.45

 Iron (µmol/l)

18.47 ± 4.54

16.20 ± 3.90

10 ⁻⁴

17.93 ± 5.41

16.60 ± 3.10

0.075

Enzymatic antioxidant parameters

 SOD activity, (U/gHb)

1321.4 ± 204.8

1089.2 ± 219.7

<10 ⁻⁴

1463.8 ± 233.4

1166.5 ± 213.9

<10 ⁻⁴

 TAS (mmol/l)

1.63 ± 0.271

1.40 ± 0.232

<10 ⁻⁴

1.70 ± 0.267

1.38 ± 0.289

<10 ⁻⁴

 SOD genotypes (%), n (CC/CT/TT)

31.93/45.38/22.69 %

23.71/37.11/39.18 %

0.03

17.86/55.95/26.19 %

23.88/52.24/23.88 %

0.66

38/54/27

23/36/38

15/47/22

16/35/16