Fig. 1

Human recombinant leptin initiate new blood vessel formation and accelerate vessel growth. a Images of CAM treated with 1, 3 and 5 μg concentration of HRL and control with 1X PBS for 72 hours. Figure panel represents the images recorded at 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Increased blood vessels formation around the sponge as spoke wheel pattern was observed in CAM treated with 3 and 5 μg of HRL (f and h) than 1 μg treated CAM when compared to control (b) at 72 hours of incubation. Figure a, c, e and g represents 0 hour images of CAM for control , 1 and 3 and 5 μg of HRL respectively. Images are taken using Cannon digital camera at 4X magnification and bar is 10 μM. Images are representative of 3 set of experiments. Arrow indicates the presence of new blood vessels. b Images of the CAM recorded at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation were analysed with Image J and Angioquant software to measure total vessel length (graph a) and vessel size (graph b) of the capillaries. CAM treated with 3 μg of HRL shows significant increase in the length and size of the blood vessels at 48 h of incubation. At 72 h of incubation both 3 and 5 μg of HRL shows significant increase in the vessel length and size. Though both the concentration shows significant increase, the angiogenic potential of 3 μg of HRL is comparatively higher than that of 5 μg of HRL. Value at 0 h was taken as one. Experiments were performed in triplicate and data presented as mean + SEM, (*p = <0.001 and #p = 0.001 versus control)