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Table 4 The phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of honey by DPPH and FRAP assays

From: Activities of different types of Thai honey on pathogenic bacteria causing skin diseases, tyrosinase enzyme and generating free radicals

Source

Type of pollen

Phenolic content (mg GAE/kg of honey)

Flavonoid content (mg quercetin /kg of honey)

DPPH (mg GAE/kg of honey)

FRAP (mg FeSO 4 /kg of honey)

1

Longan

301.93 ± 47.90

40.46 ± 11.49

14.04 ± 0.18

627.57 ± 91.61

Lychee

253.69 ± 50.34

59.77 ± 20.93

7.35 ± 0.10

440.16 ± 57.85

Polyflora

320.37 ± 30.78

66.56 ± 15.64

12.28 ± 0.28

295.60 ± 50.86

2

Longan

467.66 ± 16.19

81.91 ± 3.09

33.74 ± 2.90

899.37 ± 119.27

Sunflower

380.94 ± 14.37

67.23 ± 4.70

17.93 ± 0.44

860.40 ± 124.53

Polyflora

425.19 ± 58.77

51.62 ± 1.41

15.06 ± 0.29

568.12 ± 95.83

3

Longan

312.53 ± 32.54

53.88 ± 2.62

11.36 ± 0.25

696.83 ± 94.80

Lychee

280.44 ± 64.79

34.48 ± 1.17

5.93 ± 0.02

319.56 ± 28.41

Polyflora

350.05 ± 53.06

55.42 ± 2.23

17.03 ± 2.54

645.61 ± 87.77

Forest flower

315.72 ± 12.37

35.40 ± 1.46

7.10 ± 0.12

373.76 ± 52.45

4

Coffee

734.76 ± 155.50

178.31 ± 40.04

86.20 ± 0.64

1781.78 ± 218.70

5

Polyflora

674.81 ± 52.77

79.75 ± 1.70

48.18 ± 9.20

1016.11 ± 87.91

6

Lychee

311.87 ± 12.11

55.99 ± 2.17

8.71 ± 1.86

269.83 ± 9.20

Sunflower

274.89 ± 69.37

47.36 ± 2.84

13.39 ± 2.86

490.61 ± 44.47

Polyflora

234.66 ± 22.47

29.86 ± 6.69

6.15 ± 0.65

331.87 ± 17.50

Sesame

314.92 ± 16.82

54.97 ± 0.19

9.12 ± 1.05

279.76 ± 19.65

Mānuka honey

831.88 ± 120.26

162.87 ± 11.51

83.80 ± 11.29

954.10 ± 123.77

  1. Note: The data are given as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of triplicate experiments. The statistical comparison between values from the different types of honey applied using the post hoc Duncan test. The values were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05).