Fig. 3

Effects of CD or HFD, and stratified life-stages on gut microbiome community composition. Main effect of diet was analyzed using ANCOM-II (significant at FDR 0.05). Main effects of diet were observed for the following taxa. (a) Prevotella, (b) [f_Paraprevotellaceae];g_Prevotella, (c) Clostridiaceae;g_, (d) Lachnospiraceae;g_, (e) f_Lachnospiraceae;g_Dorea, (f) f_Ruminococcaceae;g_Oscillospira, (g) f_Veillonellaceae;g_, (h) f_Veillonellaceae;g_Anaerovibrio, (i) f_Helicobacteraceae;g_, (j) f_Mycoplasmataceae;g_Mycoplasma, and (k) Volcano plot. (l and m) Effect of control diet (CD) and high-fat diet (HFD) on the ratio between the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla (F/B ratio). (l) and (m) represent Pearson’s correlation coefficient of F/B ratio versus adiposity measures, and r and p values are shown on the panels according to the analysis of both CD and HFD groups x F/B ratio, or separately for CD x FB/ratio, and HFD x F/B ratio. Graphs illustrate correlations between the F/B ratio and (l) Adipose index and (m) total body weight gain. Blue circles represent CD (n = 12) group and red circles represent HFD (n = 12) group. Abbreviations: CD-A, control diet group/adulthood; CD-L, control diet group/late adolescence; CD-M, control diet group/middle adolescence; HFD-A, high-fat diet group/adulthood; HFD-L, high-fat diet group/late adolescence; HFD-M, high-fat diet group/middle adolescence